Dochez, René Dubos, Harriett Ephrussi-Taylor, Michael Heidelberger, Rebecca Craighill Lancefield, Maclyn McCarty, and Colin MacLeod. There, he worked with scientists that were widely recognized as being among the elite in their fields, including Alphonse R. Avery moved to the Rockefeller Institute in 1913, where he focused most of his research for the next thirty-five years on a single species of pneumonia-creating bacteria, Diplococcus pneumoniae. One of Cole's goals was to develop a therapeutic serum-like that which had been developed for diphtheria-for pneumonia, and to this end he asked Avery to join the Hospital's pneumonia research program. ![]() Dubos called the pattern of his career, the "systematic effort to understand the biological activities of pathogenic bacteria through a knowledge of their chemical composition."Īvery's work came to the attention of Rufus Cole, the director of the Hospital of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, through one of his papers on secondary infections in pulmonary tuberculosis. It was during this time that Avery established what his biographer René J. Avery initially worked on the bacteriology of yogurt, but soon developed an interest in tuberculosis after White suffered a severe case of the infectious pulmonary disease. It was here that he acquired his best known and most enduring nickname, "The Professor," which was often affectionately shortened to "Fess." The Hoagland Laboratory's director, Benjamin White, instructed Avery in laboratory techniques and biochemistry. Since the laboratory was also associated with a Long Island hospital, Avery's duties included teaching courses for student nurses. Following their deaths, the then fifteen-year old Oswald assumed the paternal role for his youngest brother, Roy, a part he would also play some years later to his cousin, Minnie Wandell, who Roy often affectionately referred to as "little sister."ĭesiring greater intellectual stimulation and frustrated by his inability to help some of his patients, Avery moved in 1907 to laboratory work at the Hoagland Laboratory in Brooklyn, the first privately endowed bacteriological research institute in the country. Several months later, Reverend Avery also passed away. ![]() Ernest died early in 1892, at the age of eighteen, probably from tuberculosis. Each member of the family participated in the church: Elizabeth was involved with charities and the newsletter while young "Ossie" and his oldest brother, Ernest, often played their clarinets on the church steps to attract new attendees. After establishing himself as a well-respected pastor in Halifax, he moved his family to New York City in 1887, where he was appointed the pastor of the Mariner's Temple Baptist mission church on the lower East Side. ![]() A Baptist minister in England, Joseph Avery and his wife emigrated to Canada in 1873. Oswald Theodore Avery was born on 21 October 1877 in Halifax, Nova Scotia, the second of three sons of Elizabeth Crowdy and Joseph Francis Avery.
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